“Frozen Shoulder”—A Difficult Clinical Problem

Abstract

Frozen shoulder is a clinical condition characterized by a relatively sudden onset, variable degrees of pain, restricted range of motion, and normal radiographic imaging techniques. Although the disease occurs in a small segment of the population, its management presents the clinician with an opportunity to use all of his or her skills to alleviate the pain and restore function of the shoulder. This review article discusses contemporary ideas on etiology, diagnosis, and noninvasive treatment including manual medicine techniques, surgical options, and prognosis.