Plantar fasciitis: A review

Abstract

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common problem presenting to the family practice office. It is seen in approximately 10% of the population and is more common in women than men. It presents with pain on the plantar surface of the foot overlying the calcaneus. The pain is most intense in the morning with the first step and after periods of inactivity. The differential diagnosis for heel pain includes other entities such as tarsal tunnel syndrome. Heel spurs are found in approximately 50% of the patients with plantar fasciitis; however, they are also found in patients without the condition and are noncontributory. Risk factors for the development of PF include lifestyle and obesity. Diagnosis of the condition is primarily clinical in nature and treatment modalities are varied. Osteopathic manipulative medicine is indicated in the treatment of the tender points associated with PF. Custom orthotics, taping, casting, and splinting are also discussed as management techniques for the condition. Surgical intervention is best left to recalcitrant patients. Future developments and ongoing studies in the management of PF include platelet-rich plasma injections and prolotherapy.